How to Unlock Infinix Smart 8 Plus Phone without Any Data Loss
How to Unlock Infinix Smart 8 Plus Phone without Any Data Loss
In today’s digital age, our Android phones serve as the primary hub of our lives, holding a treasure trove of personal and professional data. Yet, the frustration of being locked out due to forgotten passwords or malfunctioning security features can be overwhelming, compounded by the fear of data loss during the recovery process. However, there’s a beacon of hope - a way to unlock your Android phone without any data loss. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the latest techniques, tools, and methods to regain access to your Android device safely without a password, PIN, or fingerprint. Let’s dive into it now.
Part 1. How to Unlock Infinix Smart 8 Plus Phone with Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android)
If you or someone accidentally forgot or mistyped/misentered your lock password and caused it to lock permanently, of course, you will find ways to unlock it at first. But if you are not connected to the internet, or did not register a Google account for your device, your last resort would be to factory reset your device. That will totally wipe everything you have and save it on your device. If you want to unlock your lock screen without having to worry that your device data will be erased, Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android) is your phone unlocking software .
safe & secure
Note: This tool temporarily support unlocking part of Samsung and LG locked screen without losing data, but other Android phone will be wiped all data if you try to unlock the screen with Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android).
Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android)
Remove 4 Types of Android Screen Lock without Data Loss
- It can remove 4 screen lock types - pattern, PIN, password & fingerprints.
- Only remove the lock screen. No data loss at all.
- No tech knowledge asked. Everybody can handle it.
- Work for Samsung Galaxy S/Note/Tab series and LG G2/G3/G4.
4,464,578 people have downloaded it
Steps on How to Unlock an Android Phone with Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android)
Step 1. Connect your Android phone to your PC with Dr.Fone installed, then run the program.
Step 2. Then, you should see the “Screen Unlock” tool, so proceed into it. After that, click “Android” > “Unlock Android Screen.”
Step 3. Then choose “Remove without Data loss” to unlock part Samsung/LG devices without data loss and find your device model.
Step 4. Follow the instructions on the program to get the Android phone into “Download Mode.”
- 1. Power off the phone.
- 2. Press and hold volume down + home button + power button at the same time.
- 3. Press the volume up to enter download mode.
Step 5. The loading process will take you a few minutes because it is going to verify first your device’s compatibility.
Step 6. Wait until everything is done. You should then see your device already has no lock screen.
That’s how to unlock an Android phone with just one click using Wondershare’s Dr.Fone. If your device is not Samsung or LG, you can use a more advanced mode to unlock your phone .
Part 2. How to Unlock Android Phone with Aroma File Manager (with Data Loss)/h2>
If you weren’t able to open your Wi-Fi or data connection or enable USB Debugging, this is the way for you to unlock your lock screen. This could be a bit complicated, but it should work.
Steps are provided below, and please follow the step-by-step guide carefully to avoid a boot loop or any other damage.
Step 1. Download Aroma File Manager on your PC. This is a tool that unlocks Android phones. Android users can use it for free.
Step 2. Go to your Downloads folders and copy the downloaded zip file.
Step 3. Plug into your PC a memory card that you can insert into your phone later. Then, go to your list of connected devices and select the memory card.
Step 4. Paste the copied Aroma zip file. Once copied, eject it from your PC, then insert it into your Android device.
Step 5. Enter Recovery Mode for your device. Each Android device has its own ways of entering recovery mode, so take a look at this link and find your device.
Step 6. When you are already in Android Recovery Mode, use your volume keys to navigate to ‘’apply update from external storage’’, then select the zip file you copied a while ago. It will be flashed on your device.
Step 7. After it, restart, and recovery mode will reopen as Aroma File Manager, so go to its settings and select ‘’Automount all devices on start’’, then restart. Back in Aroma File Manager, go to the directory data>system. Check if the ff. exist. If they do, delete them. Then restart again.
- gesture.key (pattern) / password.key (password)
- locksettings.db
- locksettings.db-shm
- locksettings.db-wal
- signature.key
- sparepassword.key
Now you have your device booted up, and your Android lock screen is still locked, just gesture in or enter anything. It will be unlocked. And that’s how to unlock an Android phone using your device.
Part 3. How to Unlock Android Phone Using Minimal ADB and Fastboot (with Data Loss)
If you weren’t able to connect to the Internet, but you, fortunately, enabled your USB Debugging option before your device was locked, the ARONSDB tool from the Android SDK package can help you unlock your Android phone.
Here is the step-by-step guide for you to follow
Step 1. Go to Minimal ADB and Fastboot download page.
Step 2. Download the tool’s latest version.
Step 3. Open the downloaded Minimal ADB and Fastbootzip file and install it.
Step 4. Make sure your device is connected, then go to the Minimal ADB and Fastboot installation directory.
This PC [Win 8& 10] or My computer [Windows 7 & below]> Local Disk (C:) [primary drive]> Program Files [for 32-bit] or Program Files (x86) [for 64-bit] > Minimal ADB and Fasboot.
Step 5. Inside the folder, hold the Shift key on your keyboard, then right-click your mouse. An additional “Open command window here” will appear so select that.
Step 6. ADB terminal will pop out. Now, the first is to type in ADB devices. This is to check if your device is recognized by ADB. If there is no device listed below, try to remove and reconnect your Infinix Smart 8 Plus and retype the command. If there are listed devices already, proceed.
Step 7. Finally, type in the following commands one by one. These commands will remove your lock screen.
- adb shell
- cd /data/data/com.android.providers.settings/databases
- sqlite3 settings.db
- update system set value=0 where
- name=’lock_pattern_autolock’;
- update system set value=0 where
- name=’lockscreen.lockedoutpermanently’;
- .quit
This would work if you have your USB debugging turned on before it was locked. That’s how to unlock Android using ADB.
Part 4: How to Unlock Phone via Find My Device (with Data Loss)
Google Find My Device is another handy way to unlock your locked Android device. However, it requires you to have your Google ID credentials and you have previously enabled Find My Device features. Moreover, it will erase all the data on your device. Use the following steps to unlock your Android phone via Find My Device:
Step 1: Open a web browser on a computer or another device and visit the Find My Device website. Now, sign in with the Google account that is linked to the locked Android device.
Step 2: After signing in, you will see a list of devices associated with your Google account on the left side of the screen. Select the locked Android device from the list and choose the “Erase Device” option from the menu on the left-hand side.
Step 3: You will now be asked to confirm your identity through a Google account password or using a pass-key. Afterward, follow the on-screen instructions to erase and unlock your Android device.
Part 5: How to Unlock Android Phone without Losing Data in Safe Mode
One way to unlock your Android phone without losing the data is by utilizing Safe Mode. This method works only if the screen lock you have been using is a third-party app. Since Safe Mode disables third-party apps, you can easily use it to uninstall the problematic app. Here is how to unlock an Android phone without losing data:
Step 1: On your Android device, press and hold “Power” and “Volume Down” keys together for 3 seconds. After the Power menu becomes visible, press and hold the “Power off” option.
Step 2: After a while, you will see the “Safe Mode” option on your screen with some basic instructions. Now, you can use the button to boot into Safe Mode and remove the screen lock application.
Part 6. How to Unlock Android Phone without Any Data Loss Using Google Account (Android 4.4 or lower)
If luckily, you left your Wi-Fi open and luckily connected to the internet, this is the easiest way to unlock your Android phone.
The step-by-step guide for you to refer
Step 1: Retry the incorrect password or pattern until the ‘’Forgotten Password/Pattern’’ appears below. Then select that.
Step 2: Check ‘’Enter your Google Account details’’ then tap next.
Step 3: Input your Google Account details, username, and password. You are done.
You will be given the option to input a new password or pattern right after you enter your Google account details. But if not, Google must have emailed you your temporary password or pattern that you will input to unlock your lock screen.
10 Easy-to-Use FRP Bypass Tools for Unlocking Google Accounts On Infinix Smart 8 Plus
FRP, popularly known as the Factory Reset Protection program, is an additional data protection feature for all Android users. As per the FRP feature, in any unfortunate event wherein you lose the Infinix Smart 8 Plus device or if any unauthorized person tries to reset it, the Infinix Smart 8 Plus device will require the Google Account ID and password to be fed in. So, this program is designed to curb the chances of theft and other fraudulent activities.
However, it was found that the FRP feature comes out as trouble for those who somehow forget their Google Account ID/ password, or who have purchased a second-hand phone either online or via some third-party source. Hence, it is important to know how to bypass a Google Account. Below mentioned are the Top 10 FRP tools to bypass Google accounts.
Tool 1: Android FRP Bypass Helper - Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android OS 2.1 or later)
Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock can help you bypass your Google account and enter into your device’s home screen with ease. No matter whether you can’t get the Google account from previous sellers, or just forgot the PIN. In just 5 minutes, your Google FRP lock can be removed.
safe & secure
Features
- Available for Samsung/Xiaomi/Readmi/OPPO/Realme/Vivo devices.
- It provides a useful guide.
- Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock can reactivate the lock removers
Price: $39.95/year, Go and check Dr.Fone –Screen Unlock.
Pros:
- a. Easy to use with detailed guide including video guide.
- b. Only need a few minutes to complete.
- c. It is also useful for users who do not know their mobile phone model.
- d. It is safe and convenient.
Cons:
A little pricey, but worth it.
You can easily download it from Dr.Fone’s official website within one minute and use it with our detailed instructions. Even if you don’t know the specific model of your Samsung device, Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock will provide you with quality service and assistance. Check the bypass FRP lock guide in detail to help you disable your Google account on your Android smartphone.
Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android)
Bypass Android FRP Lock without Google Account or a PIN Code.
- It is helpful even though you don’t know the OS version of your Samsung.
- Only remove the lock screen, no data loss at all.
- No tech knowledge asked, everybody, can handle it.
- Work also for Xiaomi, Redmi, Oppo, Realme, Vivo devices.
4,926,978 people have downloaded it
Tool 2: Samsung Reactivation/FRP Lock Removal Service
Samsung Reactivation/FRP unlocking service can solve your FRP issue through an online service. With this, you only need to enter your phone details to get the unique user ID and password. The staff will contact and help you to bypass the Google FRP lock on your Samsung devices within 24-72 hours.
Features
- Unlock most Samsung FRP locks, not limited to the version of Android.
- Huaman service only, solve the problem with the help of staff.
Go and check Samsung Reactivation/FRP unlocking service
Pros:
- It provides online service - no confusing video tutorials and no risky software to download.
- No tech knowledge is required. Everybody can handle it.
- Issues will be solved within 24-72 hours.
Cons:
- It supports Samsung phones only now.
- It takes a long time to wait.
Tool 3: FRP/Google Account Bypass and Flashing Tool
One of the best tools that cover almost all the latest versions of Android phones. This tool is quite easy to use.
Features
- Works for Samsung, HTC, MTK, MI, QUALCOMM, SPD, and many more devices.
- This tool is for all the latest device versions.
- The old version of SP Flash is also covered by this tool.
Go and check FRP/Google Account Bypass and Flashing Tool
Price: Free
Pros: Work for almost all the versions of Android phones.
Cons: Currently not tested with Android versions 5.1.1 and 6.0.1.
Tool 4: FRP Bypass Solutions
FRP Bypass Solutions is tested and updated for the process of bypassing Google verification if you forget the credentials of your account.
Features
- It works with all Android devices such as Moto series, LG, ZTE, HUAWEI, Vodafone, Samsung, Lenovo, HISENSE, XPERIA, and lots more.
- It covers the latest versions and the team keeps it updated.
- It is a useful tool for Samsung Galaxy S8.
Go and check FRP Bypass Solutions
Price: $7.00
Pros: The tool has been tested and verified to work for Android 7.0 and 7.1.
Cons: You need to purchase the tool to use all its features.
Tool 5: D&G Password Unlocker
D&G unlocker tool assists you in step by step and comprehensive way to unlock your Android phones. It can help Android users to remove FRP restrictions from their mobiles and tablets in a few seconds. The program will work for major brands including Samsung, Lenovo, Motorola, Xiaomi, Huawei, HTC, and Yuphoria.
Features
- It is compatible with Windows 7, 8, 10, XP, and Vista.
- It supports Samsung, Motorola, Huawei, HTC, Lenovo, Xiaomi, and Euphoria.
Go and check D&G Password Unlocker
Price: Free
Pros: Provides free setup for Windows.
Cons: There are no details available for LG devices.
Tool 6: Pangu FRP Bypass tool for Remove 2017
The processing time is just about 10 minutes. This facility is for the Authorized Google account owner. With this tool, the FRP lock will get removed.
Features
- This tool works for All Samsung, Motorola, Micromax, Lenovo, MTK, and SPD devices.
- Lollipop 5.1, Marshmallow 6.1, Nougat 7.0 and 7.1.2, and Oreo 8.0.
Go and check D&G Password Unlocker
Price: Free
Pros: Works well with all Samsung and other devices.
Cons: The tool requires you to use an OTG cable with a pen drive or a computer.
Tool 7: FRP lock Google Verification Bypass Tool Software
This is a kind of software program that is innovative and through this unlocker tool, additional protection for the Android devices can get bypassed.
Features
It works for HTC, Samsung devices, Motorola, Huawei, Lenovo, OPPO, LG, Alcatel, Xiaomi, Sony, and other Android devices.
Go and check FRP lock Google Verification Bypass
Price: Free
Pros:
- Works well for almost all Android devices and unblocks any Android phone with a Reactivation Lock error.
- It is 100% free.
- Also, it works for higher Android versions from 5.1.1 – 6.0 to 7.1.
Cons: To Apply this method you need a Wi-Fi connection or a micro USB cable.
Tool 8: Samsung FRP Helper V.0.2 FRP Removal Tools
Samsung FRP tool uses the ADB feature to Bypass the FRP verification process.
Features
- This tool has an easy and interactive GUI.
- It comes with a detailed guide.
Go and check Samsung FRP Helper V.0.2 FRP Removal
Price: Free
Pros: Easy to use and comes with a guide.
Cons:
- It does not work with other models besides Samsung.
- Combination firmware is required to run this software.
Tool 9: GSM Flasher ADB Bypass FRP Tool
GSM flasher uses an easy and accessible way to bypass an Android device’s lock through a USB cable. The downloading, as well as the complete setup, takes a few minutes. Also, ADB (Android debug bridge) helps you to have to communicate with your device.
Features
- a. GSM flasher software setup is easy to use.
- It works with all OS types.
- A pattern lock removal facility is also available.
- This file can be used for the reactivation of lock removers.
Go and check GSM Flasher ADB Bypass FRP
Price: Free
Pros: It can be used for all types of Android devices.
Cons: Can also act as a reactivator for lock removers.
Tool 10: FRP Bypass APK Download Samsung for Android
FRP Bypass helps to overcome the security feature of the Infinix Smart 8 Plus device so that you can easily bypass the Google Account verification process. As per user ratings, FRP Bypass APK has 4.1 Stars.
Features
- A useful tool for Samsung Galaxy devices.
- Download and use it for free.
- You can also share this tool with your friends and family.
Go and check FRP Bypass APK Download Samsung for Android
Price: Free
Pros:
If you have forgotten your Google Account ID/ password, this tool will come in handy.
Cons:
- You cannot access this tool directly through the local market or resources.
- Play Store users cannot access this tool.
The Comparison of the 10 FRP Bypass Tools
Bypass FRP Tools | Unique Feature | Price | Cons |
---|
| Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock | Bypass most Android FRP remotely | $39.95 per year for 1-5 mobile devices | Only available for Samsung/Xiaomi/Readmi/OPPO/Realme/Vivo at present |
| Samsung Online Removal Service | Huaman service only, solve the problem with the help of staff | $15-$50 per time for 1 device | It takes a long time to wait |
| FRP/Google Account Bypass and Flashing | Works for Samsung, HTC, MTK, MI, QUALCOMM, SPD, and many more devices | Free | Currently not tested with Android versions 5.1.1 and 6.0.1, and not always functional. |
| FRP Bypass Solutions | Works with all Android devices such as Moto series, LG, ZTE, HUAWEI, Vodafone, Samsung, Lenovo, HISENSE, XPERIA, etc. | $7 | You need to purchase the tool to use all its features |
| D&G Password Unlocker | Compatible with Windows 7, 8, 10, XP, and Vista | Free | Unavailable for LG devices |
| Pangu FRP Bypass tool for Remove 2017 | Lollipop 5.1, Marshmallow 6.1, Nougat 7.0 and 7.1.2, and Oreo 8.0. | Free | Requires you to use an OTG cable with a pen drive or a computer. |
| FRP lock Google Verification Bypass Tool Software | Additional protection for Android devices can get bypassed. | Free | A Wi-Fi connection or a micro USB cable is needed |
| Samsung FRP Helper V.0.2 FRP Removal Tools | With an easy and interactive Guide. | Free | Combination firmware is required to run this software |
| GSM Flasher ADB Bypass FRP Tool | Works with all OS types | Free | Can also act as a reactivator for lock removers |
| FRP Bypass APK Download Samsung for Android | Effective on Samsung devices | Free | Play Store users cannot access this tool |
The Bottom Line
The article above gives useful information on some of the important tools for the FRP bypass process. The information available is to assist the original users only who have somehow forgotten their user GoogleID/password. We hope that using any of the above methods will definitely resolve your FRP bypass issue with ease. If you also want to bypass the iCloud activation lock, Dr.Fone is of help.
## A Complete Guide To OEM Unlocking on Infinix Smart 8 PlusAndroid, known worldwide as a major player in phone operating systems, stands out for its flexibility and open-source nature. This allows users to customize their devices extensively. However, despite this openness, certain features and capabilities can still be locked or restricted, either by Google or the Infinix Smart 8 Plus device manufacturer.
For those looking to truly unleash the full potential of their Android device, an OEM unlock is an essential step. This article will delve into the process of OEM unlocking on Android, guiding you through its benefits and how to safely perform it.
OEM lock might sound like technical jargon to many. However, it’s a key concept for those who wish to dive deeper into Android customization. OEM stands for Original Equipment Manufacturer. Unlocking in this context refers to removing restrictions made by the manufacturer on the Infinix Smart 8 Plus device.
This process allows you to gain deeper access to the Infinix Smart 8 Plus device’s software. Thus, OEM unlocking is often required for customizing or modifying the system at a more advanced level.
Why Enable OEM Unlock?
The primary reason to enable OEM unlocking is to gain the ability to root your device or install custom firmware, also known as ROMs. Rooting is the Android equivalent of jailbreaking. It allows users to access and modify the Infinix Smart 8 Plus device’s software at the deepest level.
This can enable the installation of apps and software that require more permissions than what is typically available. On the other hand, custom ROMs can change your device’s interface. They can also add features not available in the stock version of Android.
Pros and Cons of OEM Unlocking
Here are some great things you can get when you allow OEM unlock.
- The most significant advantage is the ability to customize your device far beyond what’s possible with standard settings.
- Root access. It allows for rooting the phone enabling advanced features and apps.
- Custom ROMs. Users can install different versions of Android or entirely new operating systems.
On the other hand, here are some cons that you must consider before performing the process on your phone:
- Security risks. Root access can make your device more vulnerable to malware and hacking.
- Void warranty. OEM unlocking often voids the manufacturer’s warranty.
- Potential for bricking. Incorrect procedures can render the Infinix Smart 8 Plus device unusable, known as ‘bricking’.
Understanding the Risks
It’s crucial to understand that OEM unlocking is not without its risks. It does open the door to several customizations and tweaks. However, it can also compromise the security of your device. There’s always a chance of bricking your phone, especially if the unlocking process isn’t followed correctly or an unstable custom ROM is installed.
Additionally, most manufacturers will void your warranty once you unlock the bootloader. This leaves you without support in case something goes wrong. So, in the next sections, you’ll be guided through the steps of OEM unlocking. You’ll also learn how to do it safely, ensuring you make the most out of your Android device.
Part 2: How To Enable OEM Unlock on Your Android Phone
Enabling OEM unlock can feel like stepping into uncharted territory. Still, it’s relatively straightforward if you follow the right steps. Before you start, it’s important to remember that the exact process can vary slightly depending on your device’s brand and model. However, the general steps are usually similar across most Android devices.
- Step 1: Before proceeding, ensure you back up all important data. Enabling OEM unlock may require a factory reset, which erases all data on the Infinix Smart 8 Plus device.
- Step 2: Go to your phone’s Settings > About Phone. Then, tap on the Build number seven times. You should see a message that says you’re now a developer.
- Step 3: Find and select Developer options on Settings. Then, tap OEM unlocking. You might need to enter a PIN or password.
Here are some common links where you might find the needed PIN or password:
After these steps, your device’s bootloader is now unlocked, and you can proceed with rooting or installing custom ROMs. Remember that this is a significant change to your device’s system, and it should be done cautiously and ideally only if you’re comfortable with potential risks.
Part 3: What Can You Do After OEM Unlock?
Unlocking your phone’s OEM opens up a world of possibilities. It allows you to customize your device beyond what’s available in its factory settings. This newfound freedom, however, comes with its own set of responsibilities and risks. Here’s what you can do after having your phone OEM unlocked.
Root Your Device
Rooting is akin to having the master key to your device’s software. It allows you to gain superuser access, enabling modifications and access to system files that were previously restricted. With rooting, you can:
- Remove pre-installed apps or bloatware.
- Customize system settings and UI elements.
- Enhance performance or battery life through underclocking or overclocking the CPU.
Flash a Custom ROM
A custom ROM is a new operating system you can install on your device. This is one of the most popular reasons for OEM unlocking. Custom ROMs offer:
- The latest Android updates, even for older devices, are no longer supported by manufacturers.
- New features and customization options that aren’t available in the stock ROM.
- Potential performance improvements and unique user interfaces.
Enjoy High Customization
With an OEM unlocked device, the sky’s the limit regarding customization. You can:
- Install custom kernels for better performance and battery life.
- Use powerful apps that require root access for advanced device management.
- Customize everything from the boot animation to the layout of your UI.
However, it’s crucial to proceed with caution. Rooting and installing custom ROMs can void your warranty and, if not done correctly, can turn your device into an expensive paperweight (a state often referred to as “bricking”). Always use reliable sources for your custom ROMs and root-access apps.
Bonus: How To Unlock Your Android Screen When You Forgot Password
Forgetting the password to your Android phone can be a stressful experience. It locks you out of your device. It cuts your access to personal data, contacts, and essential apps. However, aside from OEM unlocking, learning the skill of screen unlocking is incredibly useful in such situations. It’s not just about regaining access. It’s about harnessing control over your device during forgetfulness or emergency.
Wondershare Dr. Fone’s Screen Unlock (Android) will save you in these situations. It’s designed to unlock your phone without requiring a factory reset. It saves your data from being erased. This feature supports unlocking patterns, PINs, passwords, and fingerprints, offering a comprehensive solution for regaining access to your device.
Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android)
The Best UnlockJunky Alternative to Bypass FRP and Solve Your Screen Locks
- Remove all Android screen locks (PIN/pattern/fingerprints/face ID) in minutes.
- Bypass the FRP lock of Samsung without a PIN or Google account.
- Everyone can handle the lock screen without any tech knowledge.
- Provide specific removal solutions to promise good success rate.
4,008,671 people have downloaded it
How To Perform Screen Unlock With Dr.Fone
The process is straightforward. It involves connecting your device to a computer and running the Dr.Fone software. Then, you’ll follow simple on-screen instructions. Learn how to do those below:
- Step 1: Go to Toolbox > Screen Unlock. Connect your Android device with your PC.
- Step 2: Select Android on this page.
- Step 3: Select Unlock Android Screen.
- Step 4: Select your device brand.
- Step 5: Click Remove without Data Loss.
- Step 6: After confirming device details, type “000000” to execute the operation.
- Step 7: Follow the on-screen instructions for putting your device into download mode. Then, wait for the process to finish.
- Step 8: Once complete, click Done. If your device still isn’t accessible, click Try again.
Conclusion
In wrapping up, you’ve explored the ins and outs of “what is OEM unlock” in the Android world. It’s a key to opening up a trove of customizability on your Android device. It lets you tweak and tailor your phone to your heart’s content. But remember, with great power comes great responsibility.
Diving into OEM
- Title: How to Unlock Infinix Smart 8 Plus Phone without Any Data Loss
- Author: Marry
- Created at : 2024-07-18 16:00:37
- Updated at : 2024-07-19 16:00:37
- Link: https://unlock-android.techidaily.com/how-to-unlock-infinix-smart-8-plus-phone-without-any-data-loss-by-drfone-android/
- License: This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.